Yarrow contains vitamin K, essential oil, bitter substance – ahilein, phlobatannin, cyanogenic glycosides, aconitic acid and mucilage.

Essential oil can sometimes be blue due to azulene, which depends on physiological variety and methods and time of distillation.

It also contains cineol, pinene, caryophyllene, thujone, borneol, formic and isovalerianic acid, etc.

St. John’s wort contains mixed tannin with predominance of catechin tannin, essential oil, resin, anthocyanin, red pigments hypericins, carotene, flavonoid glycosides (hesperidin, rutin, quercitrin and others that produce yellow pigmentation), choline, vitamin C and alkaloids in traces.

Essential oil smells like pine oil; it consists of cadinen and other sesquiterpenes, isovalerianic acid and some azulene.

Within all the organs of plantain (herb) there are aucubin, invertase enzyme, emulsion, tyrosinase and coagulase.

A leaf contains 4% of tannins, pectin, citric acid, vitamin C, saponins and phytoncides. Plantain seeds are rich in oil, mucilage, protein and glucose.

This plant’s juice is rich in alkaloids similar to opium alkaloids. Fresh juice has bactericidal and fungicidal properties (proven effective against the pathogenic fungi Trichophyton).

If live and fresh plant is cut it oozes orange milky liquid. Its sourness, bitterness and toxicity have long ago drawn attention to it, and it has been used from ancient times till today.

This plant and its milky liquid contain: resin, some essential oil and about 10 various alkaloids: chelidonine, homochelidonine, sanguinarine, chelerythrine, etc. Alkaloids are isoquinoline derivatives and are similar to opium alkaloids. The plant has also some organic acids such as: malic acid, citric acid, etc. Predominant alkaloid is chelidonine. It has sedative properties, similar to papaverine.

Field horsetail (common horsetail) constituents are silicic acids, saponin (equisetonin), which dissolves in water, and when subjected to hydrolysis it decomposes into glucose, arabinose and aglycone priverogenin. It also contains aconitic, oxalic and malic acid, rosin, tannins, pectin, flavonoid glycosides, vitamin C, carotenoids and bitter substance same as most saponin plants.

Wolf's-foot clubmoss (stag's-horn clubmoss or groundpine) − its spores are scattered around areas of affected skin, especially in patients who are bed bound for long periods of time.

Root of burdock has depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, stomachic, anti phlegmatic and orexigenic effects. Most often it is used to augment the removal of fluid excess from the body; as prevention of inflammation and it also stimulates bile secretion.

As decoction it is used externally with eczemas, ulcers, syphilis, gonorrhea and rheumatoid arthritis. There are evidences of positive effects in psoriasis treatment. It is also very popular in ethnomedicine where it is used to cure scalp diseases.

Root of burdock contains 45% of inulin, mucus rich with carbohydrates, small amounts of essential oil (with over 60 identified substances within), sitosterol, stigmasterol, phytoncides, bitter substance, etc.

Pot marigold can be applied both orally and topically. Generally, it is more often used in ethnomedicine than science based medicine. Pot marigold is mild antiseptic. It is used in various ways, as tea, tincture or ointment, to treat some skin diseases, especially impetigo, burns, ulcers, lichen planus, wasp stings, and it is also used as antiperspirant.

Pot marigold dried flowers contain essential oils, rubber, rosin, various carotenoid pigments, mucus, glucose, proteins, phytosterol, salicylic acid, enzymes and various salts.

Common elder is found everywhere especially in damp and deserted places, settlements around those places, forest rims, etc. Common elder should be harvested during warm and dry days. The whole flower clusters should be harvested as soon as the plant begins to blossom. Flower contains heterosyds which cause perspiration, sambunigrin (cyanogenic glycosides), flavonol glycoside rutin (or rutosid), tannins, about 0,025% of essential oil (unknown structure), resin, glucose, choline, organic acids, etc. Among other constituents, bark and leaves contain sambunigrin − an alkaloid and purgativ resin. Bark contains saponins, tannins and choline. At first, bark has mild taste, and then it becomes bitter and brings an urge to vomit. It has purgative effect, and also diuretic in greater doses. But it can also cause diarrhea. Ripe, juicy fruit of common elder is used to produce rakija (brandy). Berries of common elder, aside from glucose contain lot of malic acid and purple-red pigment. Juice made of the berries was sometimes used to produce dense extract (Roob Sambuci) which had laxative effect. Each part of the plant is used in ethnomediceine in treating various diseases.

Nettle is used in ethnomedicine as preventive remedy and also as food in diet. It was appreciated even by Romans in ancient times. Numerous folk remedies, believes, superstitions and customs are associated with nettle. It grows in deserted places like weed.

Its leaves contain tannins, lot of salts and chlorophyll, formic, acetic and butyric acid, carotene, phytosterols, lecithin, lot of vitamins C and K, mucus, wax and salicylic acid. In its stinging hairs there are acetylcholine and histamine that even in small amounts of 1/10.000 cause stinging effect.

Presence of glukokine could explain and justify the reason nettle is used in diabetes mellitus treatment. Fresh nettle is still used to sting places affected with rheumatism, sciatica and neuralgia.

Common centaury is also known as European centaury. Since ancient times it has been known in all European nations as bitter herb that Hellenes used to call "bile of earth". Eastern nations believed that it has miraculous powers, and Chinese taletellers, inspired by its healing effects, passed beautiful stories about it from one generation to another.

Constituents: bitter glycosides: gentiopicroside, erythro-centaurin, erytaurin, etc. There is 0.6 to 1% of alkaloids, where predominates gentianine. Stalk is the bitterest part, less bitter is flower, and the least bitter part is leaf.

Grapple plant − is one of the most popular herbal antirheumatic. The reason for that is proved efficiency of harpagoside and its safe usage during long periods of time, which is proved by numerous researches.

Purple coneflower is one of the most popular medicinal herbs in the world. It is proved to contain active substances which are considered to be efficient in cold treatment, flu and other infections.

It helps wound healing and is efficient with skin infections, including ulcers, burns, cuts and lesions. As a natural antibiotic and effective infection suppressor, purple coneflower accelerates healing of all types of skin irritation including eczemas and herpes infections.